Launched in 2023 by a San Francisco-based team, 0G is a decentralized AI operating system and Layer 1 blockchain designed to serve as the backbone for on-chain artificial intelligence applications. By focusing on scalability, cost efficiency, and modular design, the project aims to overcome the limitations of conventional blockchains in handling AI workloads.

Modular Infrastructure for AI and Beyond

0G’s architecture separates critical functions into specialized layers, ensuring that data and transactions are processed efficiently. Its ecosystem is composed of four main components:

• 0G Chain – an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain for decentralized application deployment.
• 0G Storage – a distributed network optimized for managing large datasets.
• 0G Data Availability – a scalable data layer designed for rapid access and retrieval.
• 0G Compute – a decentralized compute layer for AI model training and inference.

A key innovation in this design is its dual-lane system for data storage and publishing, which enhances network throughput and efficiency. This architecture not only supports AI use cases but also accommodates a broad range of decentralized applications across sectors such as DeFi, gaming, and digital art.

Consensus and Security

0G employs a novel Proof of Random Access (PoRA) consensus mechanism, incentivizing storage nodes to contribute to the network while ensuring reliable data access. To reinforce security, 0G integrates with Ethereum’s EigenLayer, leveraging shared security to protect its infrastructure and improve resilience.

Positioning in the Web3 Ecosystem

By combining modular design with AI-focused scalability, 0G positions itself as a foundational platform for the next generation of decentralized AI applications. Its flexible framework is intended to attract developers building across diverse industries, offering a robust infrastructure where AI, data availability, and blockchain security converge.

As decentralized AI continues to gain traction, 0G’s approach highlights how modular blockchain architectures can play a pivotal role in supporting resource-intensive workloads while maintaining the principles of decentralization.