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This report covers Coinbase’s Solana validator performance metrics as of December 17, 2025, as well as updates to its Solana staking infrastructure that have been implemented since the last validator report.
At a Glance:
Staked to Coinbase validators: 38.66M SOL → 9.25% of total staked SOL
Skip rate: 0.07% (from 6/2/25 - 12/17/25)
Client diversity: 3 clients (Frankendancer, Harmonic, Jito), with BAM coming soon
Validator distribution: 7 countries (8 distinct cities) and 2 bare metal providers
Coinbase’s Solana validators are distributed across multiple geographic locations, prioritizing high-performance regions, such as Europe. This supports network decentralization and reduces the risk of simultaneous failures if local outages occur. For redundancy and disaster recovery purposes, each validator has a corresponding backup server in a separate location, adding an extra layer of security.
Coinbase operates validators in:
Coinbase also distributes its validators between two bare metal providers: Latitude.sh and Teraswitch. Diversifying across vendors helps further compartmentalize any local outages (at the provider level) and mitigate provider-level failures, should they occur. It also strengthens decentralization by avoiding concentration of activity with any single provider.
Client diversity is important for network resilience (avoiding single points of failure), reward stability, and strengthening decentralization. As part of Coinbase’s steadfast commitment to protecting customer assets, our Solana validators currently support three distinct clients with another on the way:
Jito: 72.44%
Frankendancer: 18.92%
Harmonic: 8.64% (new addition since last report)
BAM: Coming soon
We are constantly evaluating our client distribution and customer preferences to provide the best risk-adjusted APY. Note that since the last report, we have removed Paladin from the active fleet, as Paladin rewards have normalized with Jito.
Validator skip rate measures the percentage of time a validator fails to produce blocks for assigned slots. Missed slots can lead to lower block rewards, with higher skip rates possibly indicating reduced validator performance and reliability. To maximize block rewards, skip rates must be kept low.
Our skip rate (average across four public validators) continues to outperform the network average. Below is skip rate measured between 6/2/25 to 12/17/25.
Source: Solana Compass
As of October, all of Coinbase’s Solana validators are deployed in an active/passive configuration and are each backed by two machines. This drastically increases our validator uptime and reliability, allowing us to perform standard operations, such as protocol version upgrades, with zero downtime. It also enables us to easily swap between different clients and configurations to quickly react to changes in the ecosystem (e.g., APY boosting, migrating to different regions).
We’ve implemented a double signing protection system for our Solana validators, improving resilience and security. This comes in anticipation of the network incorporating slashing. Our system ensures that two machines can never have the same validator keys at once, and is backed by a shared global lock mechanism along with strict validation tests.
Anza’s investment in scheduler bindings, along with recent product announcements from teams such as Jito, Temporal, and Paladin, point to a future where block building is segregated from the validator’s core responsibility of participating in consensus.
We recently rolled out Harmonic and have been actively experimenting with Jito’s BAM. Production deployments are expected in the coming weeks, and we will continue to invest heavily in remaining on the bleeding edge of validator operations.
Coinbase Prime integrates staking with secure custody, trading, financing, and other prime services to provide a turnkey solution for institutions. Prime makes it easy for institutions to seamlessly stake their assets with just the click of a button.
Disclaimer
This document is intended only for sophisticated investors; it is for informational purposes only and does not constitute the provision of investment advice. Client assumes full responsibility for its trading activity and should consult its advisors for its specific situation. Coinbase is not registered as an investment advisor and Coinbase assumes no liability, obligation, or responsibility for client decisions regarding its Coinbase Prime Broker Account. Please consult your Coinbase Prime Broker Agreement and www.coinbase.com/Prime for additional details.
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