{"id":89695,"date":"2018-10-18T03:00:16","date_gmt":"2018-10-18T10:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=89695"},"modified":"2019-11-07T02:53:46","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T02:53:46","slug":"off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A New Zealand developer sent two signed <a href=\"http:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/bitcoin\">Bitcoin<\/a> transactions to his girlfriend\u2019s crypto wallet on Monday using only radio signals and a cheap smartphone while offline and not connected to a cell network. The farthest transaction was sent from 12.6 kilometers (7.8 miles) away.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Over the weekend I sent a bitcoin transaction to a relay 12.6km away with no cell network or internet connection. Here&#39;s a tweetstorm about how I used <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/gotenna?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@gotenna<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SamouraiWallet?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@SamouraiWallet<\/a> to do it<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Coinsure (@Coinsurenz) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Coinsurenz\/status\/1052022462790033408?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 16, 2018<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">How He Did It<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The Auckland developer used four devices called goTennas, short-range radios that pair with a user\u2019s smartphone to send signals to another user via ad-hoc mesh networks. Their maximum rage is reportedly 6.4 kilometers (3.9 miles), so he set up four of these at points on high ground that was as close to the limit as possible. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Once set up, he downloaded the goTenna app called <a href=\"https:\/\/billfodl.com\/blogs\/fodl-blog\/a-guide-to-setting-up-txtenna\"><span class=\"s2\">txTenna<\/span><\/a> to his $26USD ($40AUD) phone, along with the offline wallet app Samourai Wallet, to conduct the transactions over his short-range offline radio network. He generated these transactions as goTenna messages. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">He sent two transactions, one from a distance of 5.6km (3.4 miles) and another from 12.6km (7.8 miles)\u00a0away, both of which were successfully received. He summarized the process on Twitter:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cThe mechanics of the setup was this. My<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">$40 phone with no connection outside gotenna would broadcast a signed bitcoin transaction generated in Samourai wallet as a gotenna message, to my girlfriend's phone with a cellular data and gotenna connection.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Not Totally Off-Grid Yet<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">There were some hiccups along the way \u2014 one transaction didn\u2019t go through, due to issues with app pairing \u2014 but the success of the other two transactions hints at something that may have much broader applications. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Theoretically, this network could operate completely off the conventional internet grid if it were solar powered. There is one small hitch, however: even this kind of off-grid network has to sync with the Bitcoin blockchain occasionally to prevent the double-spending of funds. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">According to The Next Web, though, this is a much more efficient offline network than some others have tried. The only equipment involved in this particular endeavor were the four goTenna radios, a cheap cell phone, and materials used to secure and place the radios. Previous attempts have used <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/hardfork\/2018\/10\/16\/bitcoin-offgrid-transactions\/\"><span class=\"s2\">battery packs and solar power<\/span><\/a> in addition to shortwave radios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">To use this kind of network in a dense urban area would take a lot more radios, according to the developer. He estimated on Twitter that it would take roughly 47 to cover the area around his native Auckland, and more than that for a denser city, since the radios work best in an open area or high ground. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A New Zealand developer sent two signed Bitcoin transactions to his girlfriend\u2019s crypto wallet on Monday using only radio signals and a cheap smartphone while offline and not connected to a cell network. The farthest transaction was sent from 12.6 kilometers (7.8 miles) away. Over the weekend I sent a bitcoin transaction to a relay [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.9 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A New Zealand developer sent two signed Bitcoin transactions to his girlfriend\u2019s crypto wallet on Monday using only radio signals and a cheap smartphone while offline and not connected to a cell network. The farthest transaction was sent from 12.6 kilometers (7.8 miles) away. Over the weekend I sent a bitcoin transaction to a relay [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CryptoSlate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/cryptoslate-cover.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Bogna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@cryptoslate\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@cryptoslate\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Bogna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Bogna\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df5684538f8d0b919de99dd65ca7d760\"},\"headline\":\"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\"},\"wordCount\":422,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Crypto\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2018\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\",\"name\":\"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/\",\"name\":\"CryptoSlate\",\"description\":\"Cryptocurrency News and Real-time Coin Data\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Organization\",\"NewsMediaOrganization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CryptoSlate\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/c-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/c-logo.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"CryptoSlate\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cryptoslate\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/cryptoslate\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/cryptoslate\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/cryptoslate\",\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.substack.com\/\",\"https:\/\/t.me\/cryptoslatenews\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/editorial-policy\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/\",\"actionableFeedbackPolicy\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/\",\"correctionsPolicy\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/\",\"ethicsPolicy\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/disclaimers\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df5684538f8d0b919de99dd65ca7d760\",\"name\":\"John Bogna\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/author-john-bogna-150x150.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/author-john-bogna-150x150.jpg\",\"caption\":\"John Bogna\"},\"description\":\"John Bogna is a freelance writer and journalist with seven years of experience covering everything from arts to tech.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/john-bogna\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality","og_description":"A New Zealand developer sent two signed Bitcoin transactions to his girlfriend\u2019s crypto wallet on Monday using only radio signals and a cheap smartphone while offline and not connected to a cell network. The farthest transaction was sent from 12.6 kilometers (7.8 miles) away. Over the weekend I sent a bitcoin transaction to a relay [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/","og_site_name":"CryptoSlate","article_published_time":"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/cryptoslate-cover.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"John Bogna","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality","twitter_creator":"@cryptoslate","twitter_site":"@cryptoslate","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"John Bogna","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/"},"author":{"name":"John Bogna","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df5684538f8d0b919de99dd65ca7d760"},"headline":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality","datePublished":"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00","dateModified":"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/"},"wordCount":422,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Crypto"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2018","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/","name":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-10-18T10:00:16+00:00","dateModified":"2019-11-07T02:53:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/off-grid-crypto-transactions-get-closer-to-reality\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Off-Grid Crypto Transactions Get Closer to Reality"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/","name":"CryptoSlate","description":"Cryptocurrency News and Real-time Coin Data","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Organization","NewsMediaOrganization"],"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#organization","name":"CryptoSlate","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/c-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/c-logo.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"caption":"CryptoSlate"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/cryptoslate","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/cryptoslate\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/cryptoslate\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/cryptoslate","https:\/\/cryptoslate.substack.com\/","https:\/\/t.me\/cryptoslatenews"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/editorial-policy\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/","actionableFeedbackPolicy":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/","correctionsPolicy":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/about\/","ethicsPolicy":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/disclaimers\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df5684538f8d0b919de99dd65ca7d760","name":"John Bogna","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/author-john-bogna-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/author-john-bogna-150x150.jpg","caption":"John Bogna"},"description":"John Bogna is a freelance writer and journalist with seven years of experience covering everything from arts to tech.","url":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/john-bogna\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89695"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/93"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89695"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89759,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89695\/revisions\/89759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89695"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=89695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}