{"id":5159,"date":"2023-02-13T16:52:10","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T16:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ci02b7d2668000241a"},"modified":"2023-02-13T16:52:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T16:52:10","slug":"the-implications-of-bitcoin-inscriptions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/culture\/the-implications-of-bitcoin-inscriptions","title":{"rendered":"Inscriptions: Just A Fad, Or A Real Threat To Bitcoin Becoming Decentralized Money?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><em>This is an opinion editorial by Stephan Livera, host of the \u201cStephan Livera Podcast\u201d and managing director of Swan Bitcoin International.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>So, we\u2019ve recently seen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/tech\/2023\/02\/02\/giant-bitcoin-taproot-wizard-nft-minted-in-collaboration-with-luxor-mining-pool\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a Bitcoin transaction take up nearly an entire block<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/murchandamus\/status\/1624072899354152962?t=TD71nETQ3BAVpKLBEDVO4g&amp;s=19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">default mempools (300 MB) get filled up<\/a>. What\u2019s going on with all this Ordinals and inscriptions madness? <\/p>\n<h2>The Quick Explainer<\/h2>\n<p>Ordinals are a made up way of tracking sats (a fraction of a bitcoin) across transactions. Now, I stress it is a made up way of tracking sats, as it does not meaningfully impact bitcoin\u2019s fungibility. As <a href=\"http:\/\/stephanlivera.com\/456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explained by creator Casey Rodarmor on my podcast<\/a>, it\u2019s a convention of numbering sats in the order they\u2019re mined into existence, and tracking them across transactions in a first in, first out (FIFO) method. So, as Bitcoin transactions are made up of inputs and outputs, the first satoshi in the first input is considered to be transferred to the first output of a transaction. There are conventions around which Ordinals are uncommon, rare, epic, etc.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/conventions-around-ordinals.png\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>What\u2019s An Inscription? <\/h2>\n<p>An inscription is another made-up convention where sats can be inscribed with arbitrary content, a kind of Bitcoin-native digital artifact or NFT. Using the convention, they can be sent around and stored in a Bitcoin unspent transaction output (UTXO). Now, because they are coded in such a way that they are written into transaction witnesses, they never enter the UTXO set. The UTXO set is seen as having heightened consideration for the network because <em>every<\/em> node (even pruned nodes) must maintain this UTXO set. So, I guess it could have been worse\u2026<\/p>\n<h2>What\u2019s The Bull Case For Ordinals And Inscriptions?<\/h2>\n<p>To steel man the case a little: The pro Ordinals and inscriptions case could broadly be understood as: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.ordinals.com\/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cCome for the fun, rich art, stay for the decentralized digital money.\u201d<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>You could also agree with some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/culture\/why-bitcoin-isnt-crypto\">critiques of shitcoin NFTs<\/a>, and see this as a way of arguing that \u201cBitcoin does it better\u201d e.g., Bitcoin inscriptions are immutable, always on chain, simpler and more secure than shitcoin NFTs. <\/p>\n<h2>Concerns Raised With Inscriptions<\/h2>\n<p>The main concerns here are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced accessibility to transact on Bitcoin because of inscription\/NFT degens creating a transaction backlog and paying a lower fee per real byte because of the witness discount<\/li>\n<li>Reduced ability for users to run a full Bitcoin node because of the increased storage and bandwidth requirements<\/li>\n<li>The possibility of illegal material being recorded into Bitcoin\u2019s blockchain that might discourage some users from running a Bitcoin node<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Of course, there are counter arguments also: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bitcoin was eventually going to develop a fee\/blockspace market anyway and this may help with long-term viability of the network. Inscriptions may just form a \u201clow value backlog\u201d of transactions. <\/li>\n<li>Bandwidth and storage costs have come down over the years since 2017. Though, arguably, bandwidth over Tor may still be problematic for those syncing a full node in a more private fashion. It could also be argued that it\u2019s all still within conservative design limits that the network effectively accepted in 2017. <\/li>\n<li>Illegal material on chain was always possible because you can\u2019t fully stop steganography on bitcoin. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steganography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steganography<\/a> is when you represent information within another message, in such a manner that the presence of the information is not evident to normal human inspection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Revisiting Old Debates In Bitcoin: Purpose, Scaling And More<\/h2>\n<p>Some are arguing that, \u201cWe shouldn\u2019t have raised the block size with SegWit and the witness discount in 2017\u201d and, to some extent, this latest Ordinals and inscriptions trend is raising similar questions as those in the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.bitmex.com\/dapps-or-only-bitcoin-transactions-the-2014-debate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OP_RETURN wars<\/a> of 2014. <\/p>\n<p>What is Bitcoin for? And should arbitrary data that doesn\u2019t relate to financial transactions be encouraged or discouraged on Bitcoin\u2019s blockchain? <\/p>\n<h2>Taproot Is Not To Blame<\/h2>\n<p>Some commenters were initially blaming the Taproot soft fork for inscriptions. But Taproot seems to only save about 4% on the cost of inscriptions.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Um I didn&#39;t get this quite right &#8211; I compared the sizes of taproot with and without a 10k limit, rather than vs non-taproot<\/p>\n<p>For non-taproot you wouldn&#39;t use P2TR but rather P2WSH, which wouldn&#39;t require the 33wu taproot control block<\/p>\n<p>So its actually ~437wu saved per 10k &#8212; 4.4%<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Nadav Ivgi (@shesek) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/shesek\/status\/1622644666188300302?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">February 6, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also worthwhile to note that this kind of thing was possible with SegWit, and beforehand with OP_RETURN and even before that, with fake signatures, as explained by Adam Back here:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">It&#39;s unrelated to taproot, they could do it with segwit before, and before they could do it with op return, before with fake signatures. Can&#39;t really stop steganography. The discount isn&#39;t really that big a factor, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/bitcoin?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#bitcoin<\/a> price and fee rate dwarf it in a bull market.<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Adam Back (@adam3us) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/adam3us\/status\/1623590243130540034?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">February 9, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Cultural Issues<\/h2>\n<p>Some ETH huffers and cRyPtO people are enjoying this moment because, in their eyes, they can \u201cstick it to the maxis\u201d and those of a more \u201cBitcoin fundamentalist\u201d persuasion, i.e., the people who believe bitcoin should be a money. <\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m closer to the \u201cfundamentalist\u201d camp myself, seeing my mission as being about advancing bitcoin as money. And surely, after all the effort of Bitcoin developers to optimize and use blockspace more efficiently, the inscriptions on chain seem wasteful and unnecessarily decreasing Bitcoin\u2019s accessibility for use in financial transactions. <\/p>\n<p>Some argue that taking actions against Bitcoin inscriptions is \u201ccensorship\u201d and that it\u2019s wrong to view these transactions as \u201cspam,\u201d given that they pay a bitcoin transaction fee. But in the end, it comes to the purpose of the project. While yes, it\u2019s true that Bitcoin is designed to be censorship resistant and that NFTs arguably \u201cstarted on Bitcoin\u201d in years gone by, Bitcoin is arguably meant to be <em>more<\/em> about decentralized and peer-to-peer electronic cash. <\/p>\n<h2>Can This Trend Realistically Be Stopped? <\/h2>\n<p>Short of drastic action, probably not. At least, that\u2019s what <a href=\"https:\/\/lists.linuxfoundation.org\/pipermail\/bitcoin-dev\/2023-January\/021372.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Poelstra spelled out in a recent post on the bitcoin-dev mailing list<\/a>:<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unstoppable-inscriptions.png\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s also the wrong play to be too reactive about inscriptions and to try to take some drastic action to soft fork or make inscriptions unviable at a technical level. There are arguably bigger fish to fry, like helping improve Bitcoin adoption as money and helping encourage further decentralization in the custody of bitcoin, the mining of bitcoin, the scalability and verifiability of Bitcoin, etc. <\/p>\n<h2>Ossification? Not Yet<\/h2>\n<p>Some even go so far as to argue that, \u201cOh, this is a mistake and we must ossify the Bitcoin protocol now to stop any further mistakes.\u201d I think this would also be an error. There are various soft fork ideas that are opt in, do not harm non users and could help scale bitcoin self custody. For example, <a href=\"http:\/\/stephanlivera.com\/200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANYPREVOUT<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/stephanlivera.com\/449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OP_VAULT<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>ANYPREVOUT in particular is interesting to me because someday, with global adoption, we may have <a href=\"https:\/\/stephanlivera.com\/episode\/442\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approximately 80,000 times the transactional demand<\/a> that we have now. In that world, ANYPREVOUT enables an upgrade to \u201cEltoo\u201d Lightning, giving us a way to share the cost of on-chain transactions in a self-custodial way. If we want Bitcoin to be used in a way that\u2019s more self sovereign, we ideally want people to be able to afford to take self custody on chain. Without this, they may be confined into custodial platforms because the cost of self custody is too prohibitive. <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinops.org\/en\/topics\/eltoo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eltoo<\/a> also has various benefits for Lightning, such as making backups easier.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, we should be conservative, but we should also consider technologies that help bitcoin <em>be the best that it can be<\/em> at being digital hard money.<\/p>\n<h2>Bottom Line<\/h2>\n<p>While I\u2019m \u201cagainst\u201d inscriptions in a sense and would rather they be socially discouraged, I also don\u2019t think it\u2019s worth getting too worried about them for now. For all we know, they could be a short-lived fad. <\/p>\n<p>But even if they are not a short-lived fad, what\u2019s the most likely outcome here? Low-value inscriptions will likely be priced out by financial transactions over time as Bitcoin gets adopted by more people. It\u2019s just that adoption happens in a \u201clumpy\u201d way and it\u2019s concentrated into periods of high use (as seen in 2013, 2017 and 2021), and then periods of relative doldrums as transaction volume subsides, and new technology and scaling techniques are applied.<\/p>\n<p>Or as eloquently memed here:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/dergigi\/status\/1624695359065792513\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/dergigi\/status\/1624695359065792513<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Over the medium to long terms, financial transactions will come to dominate in Bitcoin. Other uses of Bitcoin will be subordinate to its use as decentralized money for the internet.<\/p>\n<p><em>This is a guest post by Stephan Livera. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Magazine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The surge of inscriptions raises old debates about Bitcoin\u2019s \u201ctrue\u201d purpose and its ability to become the money of the internet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2807,"featured_media":3928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[392,1130,59,336,708],"class_list":{"0":"post-5159","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture","8":"tag-adoption","9":"tag-nfts","10":"tag-opinion","11":"tag-ordinals","12":"tag-transactions"},"author_data":{"id":2807,"name":"Stephan Livera","nicename":"stephanlivera","avatar_url":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/stephan-livera-promo-image-96x96.png"},"featured_image_url":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/bitcoin-code.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2807"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5159\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}