{"id":169512,"date":"2021-07-09T22:00:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T16:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/?p=169512"},"modified":"2021-07-09T13:59:21","modified_gmt":"2021-07-09T08:29:21","slug":"what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share of the cryptocurrency market&#8217;s value, their purposes are widely different. What this competition between the two has also done is fueled conversations about which crypto is better than the other.<\/p>\n<p>So, is ETH much superior when compared to Bitcoin? Maybe not. Comparisons aside, it&#8217;s worth noting that none of the two are immune to any long-term roadblocks or risks. The same was the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gPpgcWWXfFA\">topic of discussion<\/a> on the latest edition of the &#8216;What Bitcoin Did&#8217; podcast.<\/p>\n<p>This week&#8217;s guest, Suredbits software engineer <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/nadav_kohen\">Nadav Kohen,<\/a> touched upon the same and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gPpgcWWXfFA\">highlighted<\/a> the long-term risks with ETH and its &#8220;trending&#8221; developments.<\/p>\n<p>According to Kohen, with Ethereum, if one downloads some kind of Ethereum wallet, a so-called Light client in the Bitcoin world, one is trusting someone else to give you the correct view of ETH blockchain.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;You&#8217;re not actually doing the validation yourself. If you do it yourself, it is quite tricky compared to Bitcoin to get the entire ETH blockchain downloaded and validating all those rules.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Moreover, ETH faces two major risks in the longer term, with the biggest problem being its bloated blockchain. For contextual purposes, consider this &#8211; For Bitcoin, 400ish gigabits of the Bitcoin blockchain, that&#8217;s like a decade&#8217;s worth of blockchain.<\/p>\n<p>Kohen, however, argued that when it comes to Ethereum, &#8220;we are talking about much less time, but a massive amount of data. Right now, while ETH is being used a lot, and a faster rate of growth is possible to some extent, that&#8217;s &#8220;certainly, it&#8217;s going to be an issue,&#8221; the crypto-software engineer added.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;You can&#8217;t expect there to be a large distributed network of fully validating nodes. These issues come when dealing with centralization; Quite the opposite of what the overall crypto community is trying to solve.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Stressing on the importance of decentralization, the developer also touched upon the second problem &#8211; Censorship.<\/p>\n<p>According to Kohen, unlike Bitcoin (i.e. censorship-resistant), some of the stablecoins on Ethereum have terms and conditions that mention the concept of blacklisting some of the addresses. The engineer further added to this narrative by revealing a &#8216;dirty secret&#8217; of most of the smart contracts there in the space,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Plenty of smart contracts out there have upgrade mechanisms where a certain number of people sign off, essentially a version of an &#8216;admin keys&#8217; for the smart contracts.\u00a0Basically a mechanism by which a small number of people can decide that some addresses aren&#8217;t allowed to use this contract which would censor that activity. Ethereum as a whole, individual projects and contracts can be centralised entities.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If that is the case, how would one characterize Ethereum though? That&#8217;s a difficult question to answer. The engineer, however, was quick to conclude that,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Ethereum is not exactly private, maybe pseudo-private with a small federation that controls it.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share of the cryptocurrency market&#8217;s value, their purposes are widely different. What this competition between the two has also done is fueled conversations about which crypto is better than the other. So, is<a href=\"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":169594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,66,3,4,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-169512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ethereum-news","category-new-news","category-news","category-social","category-trading-view"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share of the\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AMBCrypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cryptoamb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Shubham Pandey\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/crypto_shubham\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CryptoAmb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Shubham Pandey\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Shubham Pandey\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7710783316829dfc843195d4eafda9e4\"},\"headline\":\"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":507,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Ethereum\",\"News\",\"News 1\",\"Social\",\"Trading View\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2021\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/\",\"name\":\"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share...\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"AMBCrypto\",\"description\":\"Stay Ahead!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"AMBCrypto News\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AMBCrypto\",\"alternateName\":\"AMBCrypto News\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/amb-wide.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"AMBCrypto\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/cryptoamb\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/CryptoAmb\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/13629485\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7710783316829dfc843195d4eafda9e4\",\"name\":\"Shubham Pandey\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Shubham Pandey\"},\"description\":\"Shubham is a full-time journalist\\\/ Crypto data analyst at AMBCrypto. A Master's graduate in Accounting and Finance, Shubham's writings mainly focus on the cryptocurrency sector with particular emphasis on market research studies and communications for &gt;2 years. Also, a die-hard Chelsea fan #KTBFFH.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/shubham-pandey-acca-022097113\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/crypto_shubham\"],\"honorificPrefix\":\"Mr \",\"birthDate\":\"1994-12-03\",\"gender\":\"Male\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ambcrypto.com\\\/author\\\/shubamnew\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto","description":"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto","og_description":"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share of the","og_url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/","og_site_name":"AMBCrypto","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cryptoamb","article_published_time":"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Shubham Pandey","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/crypto_shubham","twitter_site":"@CryptoAmb","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Shubham Pandey","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/"},"author":{"name":"Shubham Pandey","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7710783316829dfc843195d4eafda9e4"},"headline":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks","datePublished":"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/"},"wordCount":507,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg","articleSection":["Ethereum","News","News 1","Social","Trading View"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2021","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/","name":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks - AMBCrypto","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-09T16:30:37+00:00","description":"Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world. While Bitcoin and Ethereum have both secured a major share...","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/what-you-should-know-about-these-long-term-ethereum-risks\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ethereum-6304140_1280-1.jpg","width":1280,"height":800,"caption":"What you should know about these long-term Ethereum risks"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/","name":"AMBCrypto","description":"Stay Ahead!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#organization"},"alternateName":"AMBCrypto News","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#organization","name":"AMBCrypto","alternateName":"AMBCrypto News","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/amb-wide.jpg","width":600,"height":60,"caption":"AMBCrypto"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cryptoamb","https:\/\/x.com\/CryptoAmb","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/13629485\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7710783316829dfc843195d4eafda9e4","name":"Shubham Pandey","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Shubham-1-150x150.jpeg","caption":"Shubham Pandey"},"description":"Shubham is a full-time journalist\/ Crypto data analyst at AMBCrypto. A Master's graduate in Accounting and Finance, Shubham's writings mainly focus on the cryptocurrency sector with particular emphasis on market research studies and communications for &gt;2 years. Also, a die-hard Chelsea fan #KTBFFH.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/shubham-pandey-acca-022097113","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/crypto_shubham"],"honorificPrefix":"Mr ","birthDate":"1994-12-03","gender":"Male","url":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/author\/shubamnew\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/68"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169512\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambcrypto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}